Regulatory Process Updated January 14, 2026

What is CTD Format?

CTD (Common Technical Document) is the standardized format for drug application submissions globally. Learn about CTD modules and requirements.

Definition

CTD (Common Technical Document) is the internationally standardized format for organizing pharmaceutical regulatory applications. Developed by ICH, CTD provides a common structure accepted by FDA, EMA, PMDA, and other major regulatory agencies.

How CTD Format Works

CTD organizes drug application content into five modules, with Module 1 being region-specific and Modules 2-5 common across all regions. This harmonization enables global regulatory submissions.

CTD Modules

ModuleTitleContent
1AdministrativeRegional requirements, forms, labeling
2Common Technical Document SummariesQuality, nonclinical, clinical overviews
3QualityDrug substance and product CMC data
4Nonclinical Study ReportsPharmacology and toxicology studies
5Clinical Study ReportsClinical trial data and analysis

Module 2 Summaries

Module 2 provides critical summaries for reviewers:

  • 2.2: CTD Introduction
  • 2.3: Quality Overall Summary
  • 2.4: Nonclinical Overview
  • 2.5: Clinical Overview
  • 2.6: Nonclinical Summaries
  • 2.7: Clinical Summaries

Why BD Teams Track CTD Format

For business development professionals, CTD organization affects development:

  • Deal Implication: Well-organized CTD dossiers reduce regulatory risk
  • Due Diligence Focus: Review CTD completeness and gaps
  • Opportunity Signal: Partners with CTD expertise enable faster global submissions

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CTD format?

CTD (Common Technical Document) is the internationally agreed format for pharmaceutical regulatory submissions, organized into five modules covering administrative, quality, nonclinical, and clinical information.

Who developed CTD?

CTD was developed by the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) and adopted by FDA, EMA, PMDA (Japan), and other regulatory agencies.

What are the five CTD modules?

Module 1 (regional administrative), Module 2 (summaries), Module 3 (quality/CMC), Module 4 (nonclinical), and Module 5 (clinical study reports).

Is CTD required for FDA submissions?

Yes, FDA requires CTD format for NDAs, ANDAs, and BLAs. The electronic version (eCTD) is now mandatory for most submissions.

What is the difference between CTD and eCTD?

CTD defines the content organization; eCTD is the electronic format specification for submitting CTD content electronically.

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