Regulatory Process Updated January 14, 2026

What is GMP?

GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice) ensures drugs are consistently produced and controlled to quality standards. Learn about cGMP requirements for pharmaceuticals.

Definition

GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice) is a system of regulations, codes, and guidelines ensuring pharmaceutical products are consistently produced and controlled according to quality standards appropriate for their intended use. The ā€œcā€ in cGMP emphasizes manufacturers must use current, up-to-date methods.

How GMP Works

GMP regulations establish minimum requirements for methods, facilities, and controls used in manufacturing. Compliance is verified through FDA inspections and internal quality systems.

GMP Requirements

AreaRequirements
FacilitiesClean, appropriate design, maintained
EquipmentQualified, calibrated, validated
PersonnelTrained, qualified, adequate staffing
DocumentationComplete, accurate, traceable
MaterialsTested, approved, properly stored
ProductionValidated processes, controlled conditions
Quality ControlTesting, release procedures, stability

Key GMP Principles

  1. Written Procedures: All processes documented
  2. Validation: Processes proven to work consistently
  3. Training: Personnel qualified for their roles
  4. Record Keeping: Complete batch history
  5. Traceability: Materials tracked through production
  6. Change Control: Modifications properly evaluated

Why BD Teams Track GMP

For business development professionals, GMP compliance affects partnerships:

  • Deal Implication: GMP issues can delay product approvals and supply
  • Due Diligence Focus: Review facility inspection history and quality systems
  • Opportunity Signal: Companies with strong GMP track records are preferred partners

Frequently Asked Questions

What is GMP?

GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice) is a system of regulations ensuring pharmaceutical products are consistently produced and controlled according to quality standards.

What is the difference between GMP and cGMP?

The 'c' in cGMP stands for 'current,' emphasizing that manufacturers must use up-to-date technologies and systems, not just minimum standards.

What does GMP cover?

GMP covers all aspects of production including facilities, equipment, personnel, documentation, materials, production, quality control, and distribution.

Who enforces GMP?

FDA enforces GMP in the US through inspections. Other countries have their own agencies, and ICH provides international harmonization.

What happens with GMP violations?

Violations can result in Warning Letters, import alerts, product recalls, consent decrees, or facility shutdowns.

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